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1991 ADVISORY COMMITTEE'S PREFACE

These Local Rules are promulgated pursuant to the enabling legislation in 28 U.S.C. § 2071 (1988), which gives district courts the authority to prescribe rules for the conduct of their business, providing such rules do not conflict with Acts of Congress or the rules of practice and procedure that the United States Supreme Court may promulgate for district courts under 28 U.S.C. § 2072 (1988). Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 83 (Rule 83) also authorizes district courts, by majority vote, to make rules that are consistent with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Both § 2071 and Rule 83 provide for public notice and an opportunity to comment before the district courts finally adopt such rules. Compare 28 U.S.C. § 2071(e) (1988) (permitting public notice and comment after a district court adopts a rule, if the district court determines that the rule is needed immediately).

The United States District Court for the District of Minnesota appointed the Advisory Committee (the Committee) pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2077(b) (1988) (requiring an advisory committee for rules promulgated under § 2071). The members of the 1989-90 Advisory Committee were:
 

Mr. Francis E. Dosal, the Clerk of the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota, also participated as an ex officio member of the committee.

Professor Roger C. Park of the University of Minnesota Law School was the Reporter for the Advisory Committee. Barbara Podlucky Berens, J.D. (1990) from the University of Minnesota Law School, served as Research Assistant to the Advisory Committee.

In revising the Local Rules for the District of Minnesota, the Advisory Committee considered the treatise and other materials provided by the Local Rules Project, a study of local district rules conducted under the auspices of the Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure of the United States Judicial Conference (the Project). The Committee adopted the uniform numbering system recommended by the Project. Local Rules Project, Comm. on Rules of Practice and Procedure, Judicial Conference of the U.S., Treatise, item 2 (1989). This uniform system follows the one already used for the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. For example, the new local rule which requires a formal motion for extending a pretrial schedule is numbered Local Rule 16.3, corresponding to the federal rule concerning pretrial scheduling, Rule 16, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The Project emphasized that renumbering local rules performs a variety of valuable functions. Uniform numbering will help the bar to locate local rules and related case law more easily, thereby assisting attorneys with multi-district practices. The system also facilitates incorporation of local rules into legal publications and computer research data bases. Id.

Following the uniform system, the Committee renumbered and adopted the following rules without significant additional change from the 1987 Local Rules for the District of Minnesota: 4.1 (formerly 18), 4.2 (formerly 10), 6.1 (formerly 2(C)), 7.1 (formerly 4), 16.1 (formerly 3 (A)), 16.2 (formerly 3 (C)), 17.1 (formerly 13), 39.1 (formerly 7), 39.2 (formerly 8), 40.1 (formerly 2(A-B)), 67.1 (formerly 12), 79.1 (formerly 11 (B)), 80.1 (formerly 14, with an addendum from Model Local Rule 80.1), 83.2 (formerly 9), 83.5 (formerly 1 (A-E)), 83.6 (formerly 1 (F)), 83.7 (formerly 1 (G)), 83.8, (formerly 1 (H)), 83.9 (formerly 17), 83.10 (based on a 1989 revised order regarding sentencing procedures), and 83.11 (formerly the Preface). The Committee renumbered and substantially revised the following 1987 Local Rules for the District of Minnesota: 5.5 (formerly 11), 7.2 (formerly 5), 9.3 (formerly 15), 26.1 (formerly a portion of 3(B)), and 33.1 (formerly a portion on 3(B)).

The Committee also adopted several Model Local Rules proposed by the Local Rules Project. Id. item 3. The Project recommended these rules after analyzing various areas of procedure to determine which rules should remain subject to local variation and which areas, primarily technical, would benefit from increased consistency and simplicity resulting from the adoption of model rules. Id. item 1, at 9-14; see also Subrin, The Underlying Assumptions of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure: Federal Rules, Local Rules, and State Rules: Uniformity, Divergence, and Emerging Procedural Patterns, 137 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1999, 2019-21 (1989) (consultant to the reporter of the Local Rules Project discussing its methodology and recommendations). Based on the Project's suggestions, the Committee adopted the following Model Local Rules without significant change: 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 9.1, 15.1, 23.1, 24.1, 37.2, 38.1, 67.3, and 71A.1. The Committee also adopted with modifications Model Local Rules 1.1, 1.3, and 37.1.

The Local Rules Project also identified possible inconsistencies between existing local rules of the Federal District Courts and the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Treatise, supra item 1, at 9-14; item 4. In recommending the retention or promulgation of particular local rules in light of the Project's suggestions about inconsistencies, the Advisory Committee adopted the view that the district courts have authority to supplement the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure with local rules establishing procedures and procedural limits not provided for in the national rules, as long as the local rules do not directly contradict the national rules. In cases in which particular local rules, such as the limit on the number of interrogatories, have served well in local practice, the Advisory Committee was reluctant to draw negative implications from the absence of specific limits in the national rules. Therefore, although the Advisory Committee took into account the views of the Local Rules Project that certain local rules were "possibly inconsistent" with the national rules, id. item 4, it often decided that no inconsistency existed and that the local rule should be retained. This view of the nature of local rule making is supported by the Supreme Court's decision in Colgrove v. Battin, 413 U.S. 149, 163-64 (1973). In Colgrove, the Court examined the validity of a local rule promulgated by the United States District Court for the District of Montana which permitted a six-member jury in civil trials. Id. at 149-50. The petitioner argued that the rule was invalid, relying in part upon implications the petitioner drew from Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 48, which provides that parties may stipulate to a jury of less than twelve. Id. at 151. The petitioner reasoned that because the federal rule specifically permitted parties to stipulate to a jury of less than twelve, by negative implication, the local district rule could not impose a mandatory number of less than twelve. The Supreme Court rejected this argument and upheld the local rule. Id. at 163-64; cf. Keeton, The Function of Local Rules and the Tension with Uniformity, 50 U. Pitt. L. Rev. 853 (1989).

The Committee further adopted various rules proposed by Minnesota Judges and attorneys. Several significant changes were made in the local rules on the basis of these suggestions. Local Rule 16.3 requires a formal motion for extending a pretrial schedule set under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 16. Local Rule 47.2 prohibits contact with jurors during their term of service. Local Rule 48.1 allows Judges to empanel juries of more than six in civil cases and to permit all empaneled jurors to deliberate Local Rule 54.3 permits Judges, in their discretion, to recognize a good-cause exception to the existing local rule (Local Rule 6) which requires attorneys to file applications for attorney's fees within thirty days after judgment. Finally, Local Rule 72.1 (formerly 16) establishes a briefing schedule for appeals from Magistrate Judges' orders.

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